Epidemiology - cardiovascular outcomes

Abstract

Conclusions: Vitamin K2 supplementation reduces the progression of CCA-IMT in non-dialyzed subjects in CKD stage 3-5. The tendency to slow the progression of CACS was noticed in patients treated with vitamin K2 particularly in those with less advanced vessel calcification at baseline. The mechanisms by which vitamin K2 exerts a protective role on the progression of vascular damage may be connected with its impact on MGP, OC and OPG secretion.