Anxiety, Depression, and Associated Factors among General Population in Indonesia during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected the physical and mental health of individuals, families, and communities worldwide including Indonesia. This study aimed to examine anxiety and depression in the general population and factors related to anxiety and depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study employed an online cross-sectional survey of 1149 respondents. We assessed self-reports regarding current health conditions and exposure to COVID-19, anxiety, and depression in the general population in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that 26.6% and 30.5% of the participants experienced mild to severe anxiety and depression, respectively. The ordinal regression test showed that anxiety in the community was significantly related to age, feeling infected with COVID-19, feeling that a friend/colleague is infected with COVID-19, sufficient information regarding COVID-19, and the types of symptoms that are felt (fever, cough, and cold/sore throat, difficulty breathing). Besides, education level, occupation, feeling that family is infected with COVID-19, symptoms experienced, and anxiety were significantly related to depression. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused anxiety and depression in the general population in Indonesia. This study’s results can be a catalyst in providing psychological interventions for the general public facing the COVID-19 pandemic.