Logging Activity Adversely Impacts Primate Diversity and Density in the Kwabre Rainforest of Ghana

Abstract

Knowledge on the impacts of logging activity on inhabitant primate species in Kwabre Rainforest, Ghana, is vital for the development of a comprehensive conservation and management plan. With this background, primate density and diversity were recorded along line transects in logged and unlogged areas (strata) to assess the impact of logging activity on these parameters. Six distinct primate species were confirmed including Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus roloway, listed as endangered in the IUCN List of Threatened Species), white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus, vulnerable), and Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus (Colobus vellerosus, vulnerable). There was a significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 36.0, p < 0.01) in primate encounter rates between the logged and unlogged strata with higher species diversity in unlogged stratum (H = 2.91) compared to the logged stratum (H = 1.44). Regression analysis indicated a significant effect (r2 = 0.945, p < 0.01) of logging on primate encounter rates. Our results suggest that logging activity can alter composition of primate communities. One option to forestall further forest degradation and its adverse effects on primates would be to grant the Kwabre Rainforest protected area status under Ghanaian law and manage it under an integrated conservation plan that includes neighbouring Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana and Tanoé Forest in Cote d'Ivoire.