The current status of Weinberg's differential rule

Abstract

A reanalysis of the data presented in a recent large twin study suggests that opposite-sexed (OS) pairs may be not as exhaustively tested as same-sexed (SS) pairs on genetic markers. This is contrary to an assumption I made in estimating that there are about 8 SS dizygotic pairs to every 7 OS pairs (thus impunging Weinberg's differential rule). If this assumption is false also in regard to the samples I discussed, then that estimate is unsound and Weinberg's rule is unscathed by empirical data. However, regardless of such considerations, there are strong theoretical reasons for questioning the status of Weinberg's rule. It is based on two assumptions, namely that p (the probability that a dizygotic twin zygote is male) is equal and independent for all dizygotic twin zygotes. Data are adduced here to suggest that both assumptions are false. The upshot is that, at present, without testing, we cannot know, of any given population, whether the rule holds or not. Otherwise, though Weinberg's rule may be useful (like Hellin's law) as a rule-of-thumb, it cannot be assumed as a basis for serious scientific argument.