REVIEW OF GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME

Abstract

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics that develop in childhood. The etiology of this disorder is complex and multifactorial with the final result being functional and structural brain anomalies and the involvement of cortico-striato-thamo- cortical neural circuits and neurotransmitters. GTS is considered polygenic and also be non-genetic, such as perinatal events and immunological factors, which contribute to heterogeneous manifestations. GTS generally has onset before 10 years of age, exhibit a waxing and waning clinical course, with peaks in adolescence and generally remits in adulthood. Diagnosis based on DSM-5 is made through history taking, physical and psychiatric examination using validated assessment instruments. Management is based on clinical and severity, including psychoeducation, behavioral therapy, and pharmacology to deep brain stimulation.