Tetanus

Abstract

Tetanus is a fatal disease caused by tetanospasmin exotoxins produced by C. tetani, an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium. Although the disease can be prevented by vaccination, it is still a serious toxic fatal infection. While tetanus is less common in developed countries, it is a common infectious agent in less developed countries. The exotoxin tetanospasmin produced by C. tetani causes severe cramps, muscle spasms, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in humans. Tetanus is usually caused by a contaminated wound, a skin rupture with compromised integrity, inadequate perinatal hygiene, or a cord cut with inappropriate materials during labor and delivery. To prevent tetanus, it is recommended that people of all ages be vaccinated with the tetanus toxoid vaccine to ensure good immunization. The rate of developing immunity against tetanus decreases significantly and inversely with age. The rates of developing immunity are quite high, especially in people who have been vaccinated for any reason in adulthood. Tetanus treatments generally aim to prevent muscle spasms and eliminate cardiovascular problems. In addition, if there is an open wound, the skin around the wound is cleaned, antibiotics and antitoxins are applied, and supportive care is applied.