The Australian Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with a review of the Oriental and Australasian faunas, and a world conspectus of the subfamily

Abstract

Hypothermia improves resistance to subsequent ischemia in the cardioplegic-arrested heart (CAH). This adaptive process produces mRNA elevation for heat shock protein (HSP) 70-1 and mitochondrial proteins, adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT(1)), and beta-F(1)-ATPase. Glucose in cardioplegia also enhances myocardial protection. These processes might be linked to reduced ATP depletion. To assess for synergism between these protective processes, isolated rabbit hearts (n = 91) were perfused at 37 degrees C and exposed to ischemic cardioplegic arrest for 2 h. Hearts were in four groups: control (C), hypothermia adapted (H) perfused to 31 degrees C 20 min before ischemia, 22 mM glucose (G) in cardioplegia, and hypothermic adaptation and glucose (HG). Developed pressure (DP), dP/dt(max), and pressure-rate product (PRP) improved (P 0.05) in G, H, and HG compared with C during reperfusion. DP and PRP were elevated in HG over H and G. ATP was higher in G, H, and HG, although no additional increase in HG over H was found. Lactate and CO(2) production were elevated in G only. The mRNA expression for HSP70-1, ANT(1), and beta-F(1)-ATPase was elevated severalfold in H and HG, but not G over C during reperfusion. In conclusion, glucose provides additional functional improvement in H. Additionally, neither ATP levels nor anaerobic metabolism are linked to mRNA expression for HSP70, ANT(1), or beta-F(1)-ATPase in CAH.