Comparative assessment of the capability of machine learning-based radiomic models for predicting omental metastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the predictive capability of machine learning algorithms for omental metastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) and to compare the performance metrics of various machine learning predictive models. A retrospective collection of 478 pathologically confirmed LAGC patients was undertaken, encompassing both clinical features and arterial phase computed tomography images. Radiomic features were extracted using 3D Slicer software. Clinical and radiomic features were further filtered through lasso regression. Selected clinical and radiomic features were used to construct omental metastasis predictive models using support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and logistic regression (LR). The models’ performance metrics included accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In the training cohort, the RF predictive model surpassed LR, SVM, DT, and KNN in terms of accuracy, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. Compared to the other four predictive models, the RF model significantly improved PPV. In the test cohort, all five machine learning predictive models exhibited lower PPVs. The DT model demonstrated the most significant variation in performance metrics relative to the other models, with a sensitivity of 0.231 and specificity of 0.990. The LR-based predictive model had the lowest PPV at 0.210, compared to the other four models. In the external validation cohort, the performance metrics of the predictive models were generally consistent with those in the test cohort. The LR-based model for predicting omental metastasis exhibited a lower PPV. Among the machine learning algorithms, the RF predictive model demonstrated higher accuracy and improved PPV relative to LR, SVM, KNN, and DT models.