Strategi Diversifikasi Mata Pencaharian Petani Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Teramang Jaya, Kabupaten Mukomuko, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to examine household livelihood assets, calculate household income from various income sources, and identify the livelihood strategies adopted by independent oil palm farmers in Teramang Jaya Subdistrict. The research employed a proportionate stratified random sampling method, involving 92 farmer households that met the selection criteria. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and structured questionnaires, and analyzed using both descriptive and quantitative approaches. The findings show that all households utilized five categories of livelihood assets: natural, human, physical, financial, and social. The average monthly income from on-farm activities was IDR 3,540,924, while off-farm activities contributed IDR 2,340,444. Non-farm income averaged IDR 3,414,462 per month. In terms of livelihood strategies, 3.26 percent of households engaged in livelihood intensification by optimizing other available land. A total of 98.91 percent of households adopted a dual livelihood strategy, which was the most effective in fulfilling household needs. In addition, 5.43 percent of households applied spatial or migration-based strategies as an alternative means of generating income.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aset nafkah rumah tangga, besaran penerimaan rumah tangga dari berbagai sumber nafkah, serta strategi nafkah yang diterapkan oleh petani kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Teramang Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode proportional stratified random sampling dengan melibatkan 92 rumah tangga petani yang memenuhi kriteria. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh rumah tangga petani memanfaatkan lima jenis aset nafkah, yaitu aset alam, manusia, fisik, finansial, dan sosial. Rata-rata penerimaan per bulan dari kegiatan on-farm sebesar Rp3.540.924, dari kegiatan off-farm sebesar Rp2.340.444, dan dari kegiatan non-farm sebesar Rp3.414.462. Terkait strategi nafkah, sebanyak 3,26% rumah tangga melakukan strategi rekayasa sumber nafkah dengan memanfaatkan lahan lain. Sebanyak 98,91% rumah tangga menerapkan strategi pola nafkah ganda, yang terbukti paling efektif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Selain itu, 5,43% rumah tangga menerapkan strategi nafkah spasial atau migrasi sebagai sumber pendapatan alternatif.