Factor Structure of a Japanese Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI)

Abstract

Lewin (1951) defined time perspective as “the totality of the individual's views of his psychological future and his psychological past existing in a given time.” This study developed a Japanese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), which measures individual differences in time perspectives. A Japanese translation of the ZTPI was administered to 748 college students. Five factors (past-positive, past-negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, and future) were extracted through explanatory maximum likelihood solution factor analysis (using promax-rotation). The accumulation contribution was 37.0%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the integrity of fit indexes were CFI=.681, GFI=.829, AGFI=.810, RMSEA=.057, and AIC=3125.726. The alpha coefficients ranged from .65 to .76, and the test-retest reliability ranged from .63 to .78 (p