Premenstrual syndrome: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. A mini literature review

Abstract

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a combination of emotional, physical, psychological, and mood disturbances that occur aer a woman’s ovulation, typically ending with the onset of her menstrual ow. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe condition of PMS which can be very disabling, as it aects occupational activities and personal relationships. Globally, PMS occurs in 30–40% of women of reproductive age, with 3–8% of this population being aected by PMDD. Despite several studies, the etiology of PMS still remains unclear; however, most theories suggest that PMS has increased sensitivity to normal hormonal changes as well as neurotransmitter abnormalities. Treatment of PMS oen requires pharmaco-logical interventions. Serotonergic antidepressants are the mainstay for improving both physical and mood symptoms. Oral contraceptives are also eective for relieving physical symptoms. Other non-pharmacolog-ical interventions include lifestyle modication and cognitive behavioral therapy.