Iron Deficiency Anemia and Migraine: A Literature Review of the Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

This literature review explores the association between iron deficiency anemia and migraines, examining their prevalence, underlying pathophysiology, and therapeutic potential of iron supplementation in managing migraine symptoms. A systematic search across major academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Science.gov, identified relevant peer-reviewed studies that focus on the link between iron deficiency anemia and migraines. The review highlights a higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among migraine sufferers, particularly women, with several studies indicating a significant inverse relationship between serum ferritin levels and migraine severity. The findings suggest that low iron levels may exacerbate migraine symptoms, and iron supplementation has been shown to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines, especially in patients with confirmed iron deficiency anemia. The review also discusses the unique susceptibility of women, particularly those of reproductive age, to both iron deficiency anemia and migraines, emphasizing the importance of gender-specific approaches in treatment. Moreover, the potential impact of iron deficiency on neurovascular function and its contribution to migraine pathogenesis is explored, reinforcing the need for comprehensive management strategies that include nutritional interventions. While iron supplementation appears to be a promising therapeutic option, further research is required to fully understand its long-term effects and to refine treatment protocols to avoid the risks associated with iron overload. This review underscores the significance of addressing nutritional deficiencies as part of a holistic approach to migraine management, offering insights into potential avenues for improving patient outcomes.