An updated review on anti-diabetic agents and their functions: a comparative study

Abstract

Chronic metabolic disease is considered by a high concentration of glucose in the blood consequent from imperfections in insulin secretion or insulin action. Currently, it is rapidly becoming an epidemic in several nations around the world affecting millions of people. Hence, it is predicted that the number of affected may double in the next couple of years. This increase may be due to the rise in the aging population, adding to an already existing burden on healthcare providers, particularly in developing countries. Based on the unusual elevation of plasma glucose diabetes is divided into two main types, comprising type (1, 2) DM, gestational diabetes mellitus, neonatal diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and squeals induced by endocrinopathies, the consumption of steroids, along with other elements. T1 diabetes mellitus and T2 diabetes mellitus are considered inadequate insulin synthesis. Type 1 diabetes is a condition that usually affects young people, while type 2 diabetes is more common in older individuals who have unhealthy lifestyles. Both types of diabetes have different causes, symptoms, and treatments due to their distinct differences in how the body processes sugar. The aim of the present study is to learn more specifically pertaining to diabetes mellitus, its complications including clinical appearance, associated risk factors, anti-diabetic regime and its consequences at present.