A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part II: simulations of convective storms in different large-scale environments and comparisons with other bulk parameterizations

Abstract

Part I of this study described a detailed four-class bulk ice scheme (4ICE) developed to simulate the hydrometeor profiles of convective and stratiform precipitation associated with mesoscale convective systems. In Part II, the 4ICE scheme is incorporated into the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model and applied without any "tuning' to two squall lines occurring in widely different environments, namely, one over the tropical ocean in the Global Atmospheric Research Program's (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) and the other over a midlatitude continent in the Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX). Comparisons were made both with earlier three-class ice formulations and with observations. In both cases, the 4ICE scheme interacted with the dynamics so as to resemble the observations much more closely than did the model rms with either of the class ice paramerizations. -from Authors