Visions de la complexité. Le démon de Laplace dans tous ses états

Abstract

We identify three different visions of complexity with the aim to clarify the research field on complex systems. We use Laplace's demon as a reference for formulating these visions. Vision 1 breaks Laplace's dream by exhibiting fundamental difficulties in mathematics, physics and computer sciences hampering to derive systemic properties from the knowledge of components characteristics and their interactions rules. Vision 2 reactivates Laplace's dream, with new demons based on increased computation power and big data availability, yet subject to the limitation identified by vision 1. Finally, vision 3 challenges Laplace's demon to simulate subjectivity, counterfactuals, empathy and their cascading collective effects.