Consanguineous Marriages and Dental Anomalies: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Abstract

Objective. To determine the correlation between consanguineous marriages and dental anomalies. Study Design. A cross-sectional analytical study. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional analytical multicentered study was carried out at Foundation University College of Dentistry after approval of the Ethical Research Committee (ERC) from September 2021 to November 2021 in Pakistan. All pediatric patients (4-10 years old) with dental malformations undergoing dental procedures or examinations and born with spontaneous vaginal delivery and uncomplicated cesarean section participated in the study. First, second, and third-degree relatives' marriages of parents were used to define consanguinity. The Basic Pay Scale was the reference of estimation of socioeconomic status. Participants with a history of orofacial trauma, pertinent parental history (infertility, hormonal treatment, or infectious diseases during pregnancy, conception with assisted reproductive techniques, prolonged complicated labor, premature deliveries, and twin births), and prolonged hospital admission immediately after birth were excluded from the study. Results. The mean maternal and paternal age was recorded to be 23.86 ± 5.4 and 27.07 ± 9.6, respectively, whereas the mean age of participants was 6.60 ± 1.67. There were 297 children with congenital abnormalities, with 203 (68.4%) males and 94 (31.6%) females. The prevalence of consanguineous marriage was found to be in 210 (70.7%) participants. Congenital dental anomalies correlation was found to be significant with consanguineous marriages (p value <0.001). Consanguineous marriages were more frequent in the lower socioeconomic group when compared with the middle and upper socioeconomic groups, respectively (74.7% vs. 8.1% vs. 17.2%, p value 0.007). Conclusion. Congenital dental anomalies were significantly prevalent in consanguineous marriages with greater incidence in lower socioeconomic groups. Consanguineous marriages have the propensity to transmute population conformation, but due to religious and social beliefs, literature is hesitant to ascribe congenital dental anomalies persuasive relevance with consanguinity.