Fifteen pages that shook the field: Personal influence, Edward Shils, and the remembered history of mass communication research

Abstract

Personal Influence's fifteen-page account of the development of mass communication research has had more influence on the field's historical self-understanding than anything published before or since. According to Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld's well-written, two-stage narrative, a loose and undisciplined body of prewar thought had concluded naively that media are powerful - a myth punctured by the rigorous studies of Lazarsfeld and others, which showed time and again that media impact is in fact limited. This "powerful-tolimited-effects" story line remains textbook boilerplate and literature review dogma fifty years later. This article traces the emergence of the Personal Influence synopsis, with special attention to (1) Lazarsfeld's audience-dependent framing of key media research findings and (2) the surprisingly prominent role of Edward Shils in supplying key elements of the narrative.