Recent and New Strategies for Extensively-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are very problematic clinical conditions due to the few therapeutic options and long course of treatment. It is a global public health problem for countries because of its socio-economic characteristics and difficult and long treatment period. It is not easy to evaluate recent treatment options as well as to manage new strategies. In this paper, recent treatment options, new strategies for coping with drug-resistant forms of TB including new drugs and repurposed agents, surgery, nutritional support, laser therapy, host-directed therapies, immunomodulation, gene therapy, cellular therapy, and phage therapy are reviewed.