Enzymatic and genetic polymorphisms of paraox-onase-1 in the Gabonese population: The relation to lipid parameters in patients with diabetes

Abstract

Background: The objective was to study the relationship between the paraoxonase-1 activity, genetic polymorphisms and lipid parameters in a black patient population. Method: This study investigates patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension for which concentrations of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B100, the latency time of oxidation of small and dense LDL, arylesterase activity and genetic polymorphism of paraoxonase-1 at positions T(-107)C, L55M and Q192R were determined and compared to healthy subjects. Results: Concerning the T(-107C) polymorphism, the -107T allele is higher in healthy subjects (0.325) than in those with diabetes (0.660). This was the same for the 55M allele, whereas the -107C allele was lower in healthy patients (0.675) than in patients with diabetes (0.340). Paraoxonase-1 activity was lower in patients with diabetes than in healthy subjects, irrespective of genotype. The -107CC genotypes had higher HDL cholesterol AI apolipoprotein I concentrations than -107TT in the control group (p-value = 0.0001), patients with diabetes (p-value = 0.002), and patients with hyptertension (p-value = 0.001). This result was also obtained with the 55LL genotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of paraoxonase-1 alleles associated with lesser enzyme activities was found to be more common in patients with diabetes than in the control group. Possibly, this genetic distribution contributes to the high cardiovascular risk that is observed in certain black patients, compared to that in white patients. © SEMDSA.