Implementation of solid waste policies: a narrative review

Abstract

The National Solid Waste Policy represents the main policy aimed at solid waste in Brazil. However, despite the existence of the legal framework, the Brazilian experience in complying with the guidelines stipulated by legislation has demonstrated that many municipalities have had difficulty implementing their respective public policies. Therefore, in the field of environmental studies, taking into account the almost 14 years since the promulgation of Law No. 12,305/2010, it is important to know in the literature how waste policies have been implemented. The objective of this review was to survey studies on the implementation of public solid waste policies, and for this purpose, a narrative literature review was used. The first sections of the review covered a theoretical presentation of public policies and implementation, as well as environmental and solid waste policies, given the strong correlation betwaeen them and solid waste policies. The empirical experience of analyzing the implementation of waste policies shows that this step is complex. As public policy instruments studied in the literature, legislation, plans and programs stood out, with emphasis on the Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management. Regarding the approaches in vogue, emphasis was placed on analyzes of the implementation of programs and plans and analysis of the actions of actors in the implementation process. Despite the challenges in the stage studied, related to financial, technical, operational and political aspects, it is emphasized that there are solutions linked to the adoption of structuring and structural measures in sanitation.