Effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program on fragility, fitness and health on older adults

Abstract

Introduction: Aging involves gradual physical and mental deterioration. However, physical exercise has been shown to be effective in combating these changes. Objective: To analyse the effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program on frailty, health perception and physical condition in people over 65 years of age. Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design in which the pre-test and post-test measures of an experimental group were compared after three months of intervention. The evaluation instruments used included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Results: The results showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in balance, in the perception of general health and physical function, in agility, dynamic balance, aerobic resistance, strength and flexibility of both legs and arms. Discussion: The findings align with other studies that suggest multi-component physical exercise programs enhance physical condition, self-esteem, anxiety and depression (Araque-Martínez, M., 2021). Additionally, such programs have been considered one of the most effective interventions to delay frailty and disability (Casas and Izquierdo, 2012). Conclusions: The multi-component physical exercise program contributes to improving the health of the participants.