Reviewing Sustainability Interpretation of Electrical Discharge Machining Process using Triple Bottom Line Approach

Abstract

Nontraditional machining processes are frequently used in product manufacturing when either the material is difficult to machine, or a very precise geometry is required. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is considered as a popular nontraditional machining process. EDM process is used to machine a diverse range of engineering materials such as hard materials, ceramics and modern composite materials. It is primarily used in the finishing of components related to aerospace, automotive, surgical, electronic and biomedical industrial sectors. However, high energy consumption, hazardous dielectric waste generation, toxic emissions and fire hazards are the major concerns with respect to sustainability. The present study reviews the state-of-the-art research performed to explore the sustainability aspects of EDM process under the framework of three pillars or triple bottom line sustainability approach. The study reveals economic, environmental and social concerns for the EDM process. Major economic concerns were found to be energy consumption, electrode preparation and treatment of dielectric fluid. Major environmental concerns were based on the hazardous emissions and disposal of dielectric fluid. However, major social concerns were linked with the inhalation of fumes, skin diseases and fire or explosion related threat. The study also recommends different solutions for all economic, environmental and social concerns.