State of oral cavity hygiene, siga level, mineral content of oral fluid, and optimization of preventive intervention in children with enamel hypoplasia and underlying comorbidity

Abstract

Objective. To advance the efficiency of tooth caries prevention in children with enamel hypoplasia through a complex intervention focused at amelioration of oral hygiene, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level, and mineral content of oral fluid. Materials and methods. Hypoplasia of permanent teeth enamel was the target of research. State of oral cavity hygiene, sIgA, total calcium and orthophosphate content in oral fluid were the research subject. Enamel vital staining, transillumination, immunoenzymometric and photometric techniques were applied. Indices of oral cavity hygiene: simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS) by Green and Vermillion (1964) and SilnessLoe (1964, 1967) plaque index were the assayed. Assessment of oral cavity hygiene and assay of sIgA, calcium and orthophosphate content in oral fluid were held in 43 children 6–14 years old (n=21, Group 1; n=22, Group 2) with a systemic enamel hypoplasia and underlying diffuse nontoxic (euthyroid) goiter. All children were born from the ChNPP accident cleanup workers and evacuees from territories of mandatory resettlement. Children in the Group 1 were prescribed a set of preventive interventions including recommendations on choice of the oral care tools and teaching the standard dental cleaning skills. Children in the Group 2 additionally used the remineralizing gel with calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and xylitol (Sanction of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine # 05.03.0203/9351 from 07.02.2014). Results. State of oral cavity hygiene in children of the both study groups was assayed by a “dissatisfactory” criterion according to the OHIS by Green and Vermillion and by a "poor" criterion according to the SilnessLoe plaque index. Upon application of preventive interventions the state of oral cavity hygiene improved in children of Group 1 and Group 2: there was a significant decrease of OHIS by Green and Vermillion (p=0.0001) and SilnessLoe plaque index (p=0.0003). Administration of remineralizing gel resulted in a significant increase of calcium (p = 0.0008) and orthophosphate (p = 0.001) content in oral fluid. No substantial change in sIgA concentration was found in both groups. Conclusion. Implementation of the preventive intervention tools including preparation with remineralizing effect promoted the amelioration of oral hygiene, increased content of mineral constituents in oral fluid, however with no effect on sIgA level.