Investigation of azimuth and tilt angle effects on building integrated photovoltaic systems

Abstract

One of the most commonly used renewable energy systems to meet the building energy needs is photovoltaic panel. The slope and orientation must be known to determine the potential of the PV panels placed on the building roof and surfaces. In this study, the optimum slopes of PV panels oriented east, southeast, west, southwest and south were determined monthly and yearly for Şanlıurfa (37,1° N and 38,9 ° E). Electricity that can be obtained at optimum slopes was calculated. With this work, practical results are presented for use in PV system designs integrated into building. At optimum azimuth angle γ=0°, the optimum slope for the tilted surfaces was determined between φ-20° and φ with an error 1,5 %. For vertical surfaces, the maximum energy at given azimuth angles is obtained at γ=-45° and is 20,6 % less than the horizontal surface's.