The anthropomorphization of AI and the concept of Buddhist compassion in human-machine interaction

Abstract

Introduction: With the advancement of anthropomorphic technologies and affective computing, the symbiosis of values between robots and humans has emerged as a crucial research topic. Against the backdrop of global cultural diversity, the four immeasurables—Metta (ci), Karuna (bei), Mudita (xi), and Upekkha (she)—in Buddhism offer a more adaptable and flexible ethical framework compared to other religious doctrines for guiding robotic development. Methods: By comparing with other religious ethics, it demonstrates the unique feasibility of Buddhist compassion in shaping robots’ goodness-oriented behavior. Results: Taking Guanyin, a quintessential symbol of compassion in Buddhism, as the moral archetype, the study proposes a design philosophy centered on equality, reciprocity, and responsibility. An illustrative case of elderly care robots showcases the practical application of this framework. Discussion: Challenges related to artificial compassion implementation and cultural disparities are also analyzed. The paper concludes that the cultural adaptability of Buddhist compassion in a cross-cultural context renders it a viable solution for harmonious human-robot symbiosis, integrating technological innovation with profound ethical wisdom.