The protective role of ectomyccorhizas in relation to Pinus sylvestris L. Growing in areas contaminated with heavy metals

Abstract

The study demonstrated protection role of ectomycorrhizae for pine (Pinus sylvestris L) growing on areas with high contamination of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Investigation of mycorrhizae growth dynamics, dependence of the accumulation of heavy metals in mycorrhiza and individual components of pine biomass growing in areas with varying degrees of exposure to heavy metal emissions were conducted. During field studies strong accumulation of Cd and Pb in mycorrizosphere was observed. Comparison of metal elements content in pine biomass showed the retention of metals in mycorrhizae. Confirmation of field observations was done next in the laboratory. In mycorrhizal tests sterile pine seedlings showed comparable amount of Cd and Pb accumulation in underground and aerial parts. Mycorrhizal seedlings accumulated these metals primarily in the roots, thus protecting the aerial parts of seedlings from contamination. It is shown the positive role of ectomycorrhizae as an active filter that protects plants from heavy metals contamination.