Impact of COVID 19 in antenatal patient with gestational diabetes mellitus and vice a versa: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study is to compare the incidence, severity and feto-maternal outcome of antenatal Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients with GDM vs non GDM patients.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. The study was carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur from March 2020 to December 2020. All the antenatal women with COVID 19 positive status who were admitted during this period were enrolled in the study. Analysis were made on the basis of observation regarding the severity of symptoms COVID 19 disease, oxygen requirements, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome in GDM vs non GDM COVID positive antenatal patient.Results: A total of 421 COVID positive antenatal patients were enrolled of which 21 patients were having GDM and 400 were non GDM. Of these 21 patients, 14 (66.7%) were diagnosed with GDM after admission while 7 patients i.e., 33.3% were already diagnosed GDM before admission in current pregnancy. Of these 21 (42.9%) antenatal COVID pt with GDM majority shows mild symptoms of COVID 19, however the severity of fever, myalgia and cough was increased in GDM compared to Non GDM Group. While in non GDM Group, majority of patients were asymptomatic (44.3%) and severity was also less.Conclusions: It is also evident that patients with GDM had longer duration of hospital stay, higher incidence of caesarean delivery and oxygen requirements.