A comparative effectiveness education trial for lifestyle health behavior change in African Americans

Abstract

Obesity and excess weight are significant clinical and public health issues that disproportionately affect African Americans because of physical inactivity and unhealthy eating. We compared the effects of alternate behavioral interventions on obesity-related health behaviors. We conducted a comparative effectiveness education trial in a community-based sample of 530 adult African Americans. Outcomes variables were physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable intake. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 1-month following interventions about shared risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (integrated, INT) or CVD only (disease-specific). Significant increases were found in the proportion of participants who met PA guidelines from baseline (47.4%) to follow-up (52.4%) (P=0.005). In the stratified analysis that were conducted to examine interaction between education and intervention group assignment, this effect was most apparent among participants who had ≥high school education and were randomized to INT (OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.04, 5.00, P=0.04). Completing the intervention was associated with a 1.78 odds of meeting PA guidelines (95% CI=1.02, 3.10, P=0.04). Education about risk factors for chronic disease and evidence-based strategies for health behavior changemay be useful for addressing obesityrelated behaviors among African Americans.