Asociación entre el patrón de consumo del último tiempo de comida y el consumo de alimentos cardioprotectores en adultos chilenos

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the association between the consumption pattern of the last mealtime and the intake of cardioprotective food groups in Chilean adults. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study based on a secondary analysis in 3,587 adults ≥19 years old from the National Food Consumption Survey. They were divided into 4 groups according to the consumption pattern of the last meal: 1) Only “Five o’clock tea”, 2) Only Dinner, 3) Both, 4) None. The association with quantitative consumption of each cardioprotective food was determined through linear regression. The association with compliance of dietary guidelines (GABAs) was calculated with Poisson regression to obtain prevalence ratios (PR). Both models considered survey design clusters and municipalities as random intercept and were adjusted by age, sex, area and socioeconomic level. Results: The group that had only dinner had a greater consumption of cardioprotective foods compared to the group that only ate “Five o’clock tea”, however, this difference only turned out to be significant for fruits and vegetables (+41 g/day; p=0.017). This group also presented greater compliance with GABAs, which was only statistically significant for legumes (PR=1.30; p=0.02). Conclusion: Dinner was associated with higher daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and higher compliance with legume consumption recommendations.