Quantum conditional probabilities and new measures of quantum information

Abstract

We use a novel form of quantum conditional probability to define new measures of quantum information in a dynamical context. We explore relationships between our new quantities and standard measures of quantum information, such as von Neumann entropy. These quantities allow us to find new proofs of some standard results in quantum information theory, such as the concavity of von Neumann entropy and Holevo's theorem. The existence of an underlying probability distribution helps shed light on the conceptual underpinnings of these results.