A Review on Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells

Abstract

Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) represent a promising and rapidly evolving technology, characterized by lightweight construction, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability to various shapes and sizes. These advantages render FOSCs highly suitable for applications in diverse fields, including wearable electronics and building-integrated photovoltaics. The application scope of FOSCs necessitates electrodes with properties such as high optical transmittance, low electrical resistivity, and exceptional mechanical strength, where their selection significantly influences the overall device performance. This review explores several materials, focusing on polymers, carbon nanomaterials, and metal nanowires, highlighting their unique advantages and challenges in FOSC applications. Through this thorough review, we would like to elucidate the relationship between electrode materials and device performance, thereby inspiring further improvements and developments in FOSCs and broadening their application range.