New ecofriendly heterogeneous nano-catalyst for the synthesis of 1-substituted and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives

Abstract

A novel ecofriendly heterogeneous catalyst containing Schiff base coordinated Cu(II) covalently attached to Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles through imidazolium linker [Fe3O4@SiO2-Im(Br)-SB-Cu (II)] was synthesized and characterized by using various techniques. The catalytic efficiency of this nano-catalyst was tested in water in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives using two one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCR) models: The synthesis of 1-aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives from the reaction of aniline, triethyl orthoformate, and sodium azide and the synthesis of 5-aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives from the reaction of benzaldehyde, hydroxy amine hydrochloride, and sodium azide. The investigation showed that (i) The catalyst is highly efficient in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives with high yield (97%) in aqueous medium and mild temperatures; (ii) The catalytic effectiveness is due to the synergy between the metallic center and the imidazolium ion and (iii) The reuse advantage of the catalyst without contamination or significant loss (12% of loss range) in the catalytic activity.