Protective Effect of Supplementation with Powdered Mulberry Leaves on Glyphosate-Induced Toxicity in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Abstract

The prolonged-release of agricultural waste has led to an increase in the level of pesticides especially glyphosate which was reached in aquatic environments. Research has been carried out on catfish to detect the impacts of glyphosate and the protective effect of adding mulberry leaves powder against glyphosate on cat fish. Eighty immature catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were allocated into 4 groups; (G1) was maintained in the glyphosate-free water (G2) was exposed to 0.053 mg glyphosate (Glyph) /l water (1/10 96hr LC50), (G3) was exposed to M. albus leaves powdered (5% ration supplementation) and (G4) was exposed to Glyph (0.053 mg/L) + M. albus (5% from ration supplementation). At day 21 of the experiment, fish were taken for biochemical and histopathological examination and to determine its residues in muscle. Biochemical results indicated an elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in G2 group and reduction in G3 and G4 treated groups. While, Total protein (TP), albumin, Ca, Na, Mg ions, and reduced glutathione (GSH) significantly reduced in G2 group and elevate in G3 and G4 treated group. Several histopathological lesions were observed in the brain, gills, kidney, labyrinth organ, liver, and spleen in G2 and were improved after using M. albus in treated groups. The outcome of this study indicated that M.albus has to ameliorate the negative impacts of glyphosate on catfish through its antioxidant activity and the biologically active component which lead to improving in cat fish intoxicated with gyphosate.