Current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract

This comprehensive review examines the current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), a complex psychiatric condition affecting a significant portion of the global population. The challenges in diagnosis, including delayed diagnosis, stigma, misdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, and the difficulties posed by comorbidity, are discussed in depth. Further, the review highlights the obstacles in OCD treatment, such as suboptimal responses to first-line treatments, medication side effects, difficulties accessing treatment, and the heterogeneity of OCD. The paper includes illustrative case studies that shed light on the real-world implications of these challenges. Promising strategies and future directions to overcome these challenges are also explored, emphasizing the need for early and accurate diagnosis, enhanced treatment efficacy, improved access to care, and continuous research to deepen our understanding of OCD. Ultimately, this review advocates for a multi-faceted approach that includes improved diagnostic tools, personalized treatment plans, digital therapy platforms, and robust policies to improve mental health coverage. Despite the current challenges, advancements in understanding OCD and in the development of diagnostic tools and treatments provide an optimistic view of the future of OCD diagnosis and treatment.