Progress and challenges in peste des petits ruminants control and eradication: a comprehensive review of global strategies and Ethiopia’s efforts

Abstract

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that severely affects small ruminant production and rural livelihoods. In response, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) launched the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR (PPR GCES) and the Global Eradication Programme (PPR GEP), targeting worldwide eradication by 2030. This review summarizes global progress in PPR control and eradication, highlighting the coordinated efforts of FAO and WOAH and emphasizing Ethiopia’s strategies and experiences. In alignment with global goals, Ethiopia aims to eradicate PPR by 2027 through collaboration between the Ministry of Agriculture, FAO, and the National Veterinary Institute (NVI). The country implements a risk-based vaccination strategy using a potent live attenuated vaccine, supported by enhanced diagnostic capacity at the Animal Health Institute and regional laboratories. Core components include robust surveillance, cold chain management, and serological monitoring to sustain herd immunity above 80%. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, including limited veterinary access in pastoral areas, logistical barriers, and resource constraints. Nonetheless, lessons from rinderpest eradication, strong political commitment, and active community participation provide a solid foundation for success.