Morphological Studies of Normal Human Placenta At Different Gestational Periods

Abstract

Abstract:. The placental complex formed by the cooperative effort between the extra embryonic tissue of the embryo and the endometrial tissue of the mother represents symbiosis between the two separate organisms without rejection. The formation of placenta is a biological event which is important both embryologically and immunologically. The growth of the foetus depends upon the functional capacity, location and integrity of the placental attachment. The placenta serves the most basic metabolic needs of fetus including respiration, nourishment and excretion by acting as a temporary lung, liver and kidney. It forms an organ for the interchange of material between fetal and maternal blood streams without mixing or physical contact of two blood streams. Here I am presenting morphological findings of 50 placenta at different gestational ages. present study was conducted in the Department of anatomy Sri venkateswara medical college, Tirupati in collaboration with the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of maternity hospital Tirupati. It was observed that Out of 50 placentae central attachment is observed in 58% of cases, eccentric attachment in 20%, marginal attachments in 20% and velamentous attachment in 2% of cases. The following data was recorded the study. Consistency,Cord attachment, Thickness of placenta, Weight ,diameter, of the placenta observed The Feto placental weight ratio observed in 50 cases ranged between 3.75-7.7. Number of maternal cotyledons observed ranged between 12 to 20 and foetal cotyledons 36 to 84. The ratio of maternal and foetal cotyledons ranged between 2.22 - 4.6 The placental vascular pattern is disperse in type in all cases.In all 50 cases the umbilical cord contains two arteries and 1 vein.