Sono-assisted adsorption of acid violet 7 and basic violet 10 dyes from aqueous solutions: Evaluation of isotherm and kinetic parameters

Abstract

In this study, the removal of acid violet 7 (AV7) and basic violet 10 (BV10) synthetic dyes was investigated using fly ash alone, ultrasound (40 kHz) alone, and combined ultrasound/fly ash with various experimental parameters such as fly ash dose, contact time, and initial concentration of dye. The adsorption capacity of the ultrasound/fly ash process increased from 5.10 to 7.43 mg g-1 for AV7, and increased from 5.16 to 7.51 mg g-1 for BV10 compared with using fly ash alone. The sono–assisted adsorption process was successful in improving the dye uptake capacity with cavitation bubbles and acoustic waves, and thus AV7 and BV10 were removed with a shorter contact time and lower fly ash dose. Obtained regeneration and reuse experiment results showed that the fly ash could be reused for four consecutive cycles of the sono–assisted adsorption process, while fly ash could be reused for two consecutive cycles of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics for AV7 and BV10 onto fly ash fitted Lagergren’s first–order adsorption kinetic model well. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption with fly ash alone and ultrasound/fly ash process for AV7 and BV10.