Using Hologram-Based Augmented Reality in Anatomy Learning: The TEACHANATOMY Randomized Trial

Abstract

Purpose Augmented reality (AR) can generate realistic holograms overlaid on the real-word environment to provide an interactive learning experience. However, further research is needed to assess the impact of such technologies on knowledge acquisition. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an AR learning application in anatomy education. Method TEACHANATOMY, a controlled, randomized trial, was conducted from September 14-October 24, 2022, at the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. It included first- and second-year medical students with no prior anatomy education and compared learning with an interactive hologram-based AR learning module - incorporating adaptive learning and gamification elements - with traditional learning (TL) methods including textbooks, videos, and online resources. Forty-eight participants were randomly allocated to the AR or TL group. The primary outcome consisted of the scores on the theoretical and practical knowledge tests. Secondary outcomes included adverse health symptoms and user experience. Results The AR group performed significantly better on both theoretical (median [IQR] scores: AR: 18.8 [16.6-20.0]; TL: 9.4 [7.7-11.3]; P