Review on Emerging and Reemerging Microbial Causes in Bovine Abortion

Abstract

This review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clinical presentation, create complete lists of differential diagnoses, obtain appropriate diagnostic samples, maximize diagnostic laboratory support, and avoid zoonotic infections resulting from reproductive pathogens of animals. Thefoundation of an accurate diagnosis of reproductive loss due to infectious pathogens facilitates the prudent use of immunization andbiosecurity to minimize reproductive losses.