Quantum noise as a symmetry-breaking field

Abstract

We investigate the effect of quantum noise on the measurement-induced quantum phase transition in monitored random quantum circuits. Using the efficient simulability of random Clifford circuits, we find that the transition is broadened into a crossover and that the phase diagram as a function of projective measurements and noise exhibits several distinct regimes. We show that a mapping to a classical statistical mechanics problem accounts for the main features of the random circuit phase diagram. The bulk noise maps to an explicit permutation symmetry-breaking coupling; this symmetry is spontaneously broken when the noise is switched off. These results have implications for the realization of entanglement transitions in noisy quantum circuits.