Depression, anxiety, and stress among general population due to covid-19 pandemic in several countries: A review article

Abstract

The existence of the COVID-19 virus has various impacts, one of which is a psychological impact. The studies that included were presented the results of depression, anxiety, and stress levels in the general population. The aim of this study is to establish the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on depression, anxiety, and stress in several countries worldwide. This study was a review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A systematic search was carried out to obtain relevant articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria in this study are using the cross-sectional method, assessing the mental health status of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and using DASS-21 as the instrument. Whereas the exclusion criteria are the full text is not available, using a language other than English, and focusing on certain sample groups. In total, 3.547 publications were identified, of which 14 were included in this study. The various populations from Bahrain, Brazil, China, Philippines, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Vietnam were found in this study. The different prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were obtained. Several factors that might influence the difference were gender, age, occupation, physical and mental health status from each individual. Gender, age, occupation, physical and mental health status impacted the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.