The Impact of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Small-Scale Crop Farmers in Lepelle Nkumpi District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of climate change and extreme weather events on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers, as well as to determine the adaptation strategies employed by households affected by climate change in the Lepelle Nkumpi region of Limpopo. A comprehensive survey was conducted using a stratified sampling method, with individual questionnaires administered to a total of 40 participants. Additionally, two focus group discussions were explicitly held with farmers. Findings reveal that farmers perceive climate change as a real phenomenon, citing rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and an increase in more frequent droughts and floods. These changes have led to reduced agricultural production and financial losses. In response to the challenges posed by climate change, small-scale farmers are implementing various adaptive strategies, including crop diversification, adjusting planting schedules, utilising irrigation, and applying fertilisers. However, their adaptation efforts are hindered by limited financial resources, restricted access to finance, lack of skills, and inadequate access to agricultural inputs and technologies. The study emphasises the importance of providing enhanced support to small-scale farmers, including agricultural extension services, local early warning systems, diversified livelihoods, climate-sensitive farming techniques, and increased awareness of climate change.