Correlates of HIV testing among men in Ghana: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2022 demographic and health survey

Abstract

Introduction: New HIV infections are on the rise in Ghana, with approximately 16,574 new cases reported in 2022 alone. Although HIV prevalence rate is higher among women aged 15–49 years (2.0 [1.7–2.3]) than men aged 15–49 (1.0 [0.8–1.2]) in Ghana, evidence form the country’s 2022 Demographic and health Survey suggest that only 12% of men had ever been tested for HIV once in their lifetime relative to 17% of women, and yet more men (35%) than women (23%) reported having sexual intercourse with persons who were neither their wife nor live-in partners. More so, the Ghana National HIV and AIDS Policy has over the years positively influenced the utilization of HIV testing (HIVT) services among women in Ghana through antenatal care visits. While this policy encourages women to undertake testing with their husbands, most men in the Ghanaian Context rarely accompany their spouse to antenatal care due to several reasons including conflicting work schedules, thus limiting their chances of getting tested. Using a nationally representative dataset, this study adds to the broader literature by exploring the factors associated with HIVT among men. Methods: Using the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (N = 7044 males), and employing multiple logistic regression models, this study explored the factors associated with HIVT among men. Results: Married men (OR = 1.723; p