The proper design of scaffold porosity for bone regeneration (literature review)

Abstract

The success of bone tissue regeneration in tissue engineering is influenced by the design of the scaffold. Porosity has an important role in creating a cell microenvironment to proliferate, differentiate and form new bone. The pore diameter and number of pores sufficient for the environmental requirements of the cell must be suitable. The size and number of pores will also affect a scaffold's structural strength and the speed of its degradation. A good combination of pore and crosslinking techniques will produce structural strength that meets tissue regeneration needs. Porosity must also have interconnectivity so there are connections between pores. It can carry out functions for the disposal of remaining cell metabolites, cell communication, and nutrient transport for cells. Bone cells have a diameter that the pores in the scaffold must meet. It is necessary to design a scaffold that involves the biocompatibility of materials, size and number of pores, interconnectivity, crosslinking techniques, and scaffold manufacturing techniques to produce scaffolds that can provide a proper microenvironment for appropriate bone tissue regeneration.