Grundlegende Prozesse betreffend Hydraulik, Sedimenttransport und Flussmorphologie an der Donau

Abstract

In the scope of the Pilotproject Bad Deutsch-Altenburg a comprehensive monitoring program was conducted, prior, during and after the implementation of several measures (groyne reconstruction, granulometric bed improvement—GBI, river bank restoration and side arm reconnection). Beside the documentation of the current status, during the construction works and after the implementation of the measures, description and analyses of the underlying processes concerning hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphology were a main objective. For the first time the instantaneous bed shear stress was measured directly in a gravel bed river. The probability distributions of the occurring bed shear stress, showed a dependency on the turbulence intensity, either following a log-normal or a normal distribution. Those fluctuations seem to be one of the reasons for a notable bed load transport, measured during low flow conditions in the Danube. The effective discharge lies in a discharge range from 2000 to 2200 m3/s, with 50 % of the bed load being transported at discharges up to 2300 m3/s and an annual bed load transport between 306,000 and 594,000 tons for the years 2006 to 2014. Regarding the transport behaviour of single tracer stones 74 % passed the 3 km long reach within one year, with a virtual velocity between 6,2 and 10,6 m/d. Small stones moved more frequent and farther, compared to the medium and big stones, who showed a comparable transport behaviour. In comparison gravel dunes moving with 2,5–9 m/h have a substantially higher velocity, and tend to dominate the bed load transport process when occurring.