Nonpharmacological therapies for temporomandibular disorders: a review

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder is one of the common oral diseases. Temporomandibular disorder has negative effects on the patient’s physical and mental health, working and quality of life. In clinical practice, the treatments for temporomandibular disorders include a variety of ways, such as Chinese medicine, massage, acupuncture, acupotomology, electroacupuncture, and surgery. Drug treatments often have side effects, and the effect of simple drug treatment is not optimal. In recent years, psychological factors have been proved to be one of the causes of temporomandibular joint disorders. Therefore, psychological therapy is also an important treatment method. There are many different treatments for temporomandibular disorder patients, but some of these treatments can cause both physical and psychological pain, so it is particularly important to choose effective and less painful treatments out of humanity. This paper reviewed non-drug treatments for temporomandibular disorder in recent years to provide evidence for selecting appropriate and effective treatments for patients with temporomandibular disorder.