Detecting biogeochemical activity in basal ice using fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of aquatic carbon and nutrient budgets and is a metabolic substrate for organisms at the base of aquatic food chains. Active microbial communities in glaciers affect the abundance and characteristics of organic matter (OM) that is exported to downstream ecosystems. However, how OM is biogeochemically altered in glaciers remains unknown and studies documenting active microbial activity by detecting in situ biogeochemical modifications of OM are lacking due to difficulties characterizing OM and the low concentrations of DOM typical of glacier environments. To address this issue, we measure the abundance and fluorescence characteristics of DOM in basal ice at Victoria Upper Glacier (VUG), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We compare these observations with the results of microbial incubations from the same basal ice samples to determine whether the occurrence of fluorophores indicative of recent microbial activity is linked to the presence of culturable microbial communities containing organisms that could have produced them. Psychrotolerant bacteria were isolated from basal ice samples and were associated with marine humic-like fluorescence. This is interpreted as being indicative of in situ microbial degradation of OM within basal ice at VUG. Marine humic-like material is a recalcitrant form of OM, and its biogeochemical transformation from a relatively labile form of OM in glacier ice may function as a carbon sink.