Estimativas de herdabilidade e tendências genéticas para características de crescimento e reprodutivas em bovinos da raça Nelore

Abstract

The heritability coefficients and genetic trends for weaning weight (WW), post-yearling weight (PW), average gains from birth to weaning (GBW), average gains from weaning to post-yearling (GWP), scrotal circumference (SC), and age at first calving (AFC) were estimated in Nelore cattle. Variance components and heritability coefficients were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood and breeding values were predicted fitting bivariate animal models, always including weaning weight. Data from 128,148 animals born from 1984 to 2006 were used. Genetic trends for each trait were estimated by regression of breeding values on the animal birth year. Heritability estimates for direct effect were 0.23 (0.07) for WW; 0.24 (0.02) for PW; 0.21 (0.01) for GBW; 0.23 (0.01) for GWP; 0.46 (0.02) for SC; and 0.15 (0.01) for AFC. The direct genetic trends were 0.171 (0.01); 0.219 (0.02); 0.186 (0.03); and 0.224 (0.02) kg per year, for WW, PW, GBW, and GWP, respectively, corresponding to increases of 0.10, 0.08, 0.13, and 0.22% in the means of the same traits per year, respectively. In the first period (1984 to 1995), the SC and AFC genetic trends were null, with values of 0.011 (0.03) cm/year and -0.003 (0.06) days/year, respectively. Moreover, in the other period (1996 to 2006), the genetic trends of SC and AFC were 0.069 (0.01) cm/year and -3.024 (0.04) days/year, respectively. These values suggest that productive and reproductive traits, when used as selection criteria, result in genetic progress of the herd. Thus, they are indicated for selection of Nelore cattle.