The use of FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for the authentication of milk fat from palm oil

Abstract

This research was aimed to develop Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square (PLS), and principal component regression (PCR) for authentication of milk fat from palm oil adulterant. FTIR spectroscopy and LDA have been successfully used to detect the presence of palm oil in MF. All the adulterated samples were clearly separated with authentic MF shown by the Cooman’s plot. Chemometrics of PLS at the wavenumber of 3033-692 cm-1 using first derivative spectra was successfully applied for the quantification of palm oil in MF. The suitability of the model was presented by its high R2 value both for calibration and validation models, accounting for 1 and 0.9998 respectively and its lower RMSEC (root mean square error of calibration) and RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) value, accounting for 0.154 and 0.743 respectively. Quantification of palm oil was also successfully performed using chemometrics of PCR. The model showed high R2 in both calibration (0.9998) and validation (0.9997) values with lower RMSEC (0.671) and RMSEP (0.905) values. It can be concluded that a combination of FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics could be used for the authentication of milk fat adulteration.