Artificial intelligence, sustainability and environmental impact. A narrative and bibliometric study

Abstract

Studies on artificial intelligence (AI) have increased significantly over the past decade to the point that they have recently become essential to diverse fields. Regarding studies on sustainability, environmental care, and the application of technological advances, AI-based models have also gained particular significance. Accordingly, this study explored the relationship between AI, sustainability, and environmental impact through a mixed documentary review, which combined a narrative review and a bibliometric analysis. The narrative review examined the main ideas and stages that permeate the intersection of AI and sustainability, identifying their contributions and challenges. The bibliometric analysis provided a quantitative overview of scientific production, highlighting trends in terms of production, countries, and most influential keywords. The results reveal that AI has a crucial role in promoting sustainable practices, but it also poses risks that require careful consideration. Hence, the costs of AI must also be analyzed. The study underlined the need for a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of AI while minimizing its negative impacts on the environment.